Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2023,14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87
); time-dependentAFM; Introduction
Light has been recognized as a versatile external energy source to actuate micro/nanorobots with outstanding merits of wireless, remote, and precise controllability [1][2][3][4]. Light-driven micro/nanorobots convert light into mechanical motion and are able to perform
previously been developed and reported by our group [32].
In further investigations, we used time-dependentAFM to determine the voltage-induced displacement of solely piezoelectric membranes without the photodiode. This experiment was performed to probe the local electromechanical properties of the
were measured twice during each rotation. Therefore, we took the average of the readout signals for each quadrant boundary. Lastly, all the acquired data for displacement and photovoltage of the four quadrants were stitched together and presented in color maps.
Time-dependentAFM to measure voltage
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Figure 1:
(a) Schematic illustrating the connection diagram of sideband KPFM measuring the piezo/photodiode d...